# Year 11 – Waves and Thermodynamics

##### Wave properties
• Conduct a practical investigation involving the creation of mechanical waves in a variety of situations in order to explain:
• the role of the medium in the propagation of mechanical waves
• the transfer of energy involved in the propagation of mechanical waves (ACSPH067, ACSPH070)
• conduct practical investigations to explain and analyse the differences between:
• transverse and longitudinal waves (ACSPH068)
• mechanical and electromagnetic waves (ACSPH070, ACSPH074)
• construct and/or interpret graphs of displacement as a function of time and as a function of position of transverse and longitudinal waves, and relate the features of those graphs to the following wave characteristics:
• velocity
• frequency
• period
• wavelength
• displacement and amplitude (ACSPH069)
• solve problems and/or make predictions by modelling and applying the following relationships to a variety of situations:
• $v = f\lambda$
• $f = \frac{1}{r}$

Resource – Wave Properties – 4 pages

##### Wave Behaviour
• explain the behaviour of waves in a variety of situations by investigating the phenomena of:
• reflection
• refraction
• diffraction
• wave suspension (ACSPH071, ACSPH072)

Resource – Wave Behaviour – 2 pages

• conduct an investigation to distinguish between progressive and standing waves (ACSPH072)

Resource – Wave Superposition – 3 pages

• conduct an investigation to explore resonance in mechanical systems and the relationships between:
• driving frequency
• natural frequency of the oscillating system
• amplitude of motion
• transfer/transformation of energy within the system (ACSPH073)

Investigation-Wave Behaviour-5 pages

##### Sound Waves
• construct a practical investigation to relate the pitch and loudness of a sound to its wave characteristics
•
• model the behaviour of sound in air as a longitudinal wave
•
• relate the displacement of air molecules to variations in pressure (ACSPH070)
•
• investigate quantitatively the relationship between distance and intensity of sound
•
• conduct investigations to analyse the reflection, diffraction, resonance and superposition of sound waves (ACSPH071)

Investigation-Interference of Sound Waves-4 pages

• investigate and model the behaviour of standing waves on strings and/or in pipes to relate quantitatively the fundamental and harmonic frequencies of the waves that are produced to the physical characteristics (eg length, mass, tension, wave velocity) of the medium (ACSPH072)
• analyse qualitatively and quantitatively the relationships of the wave nature of sound to explain:
• beats $f_{beat} = \lvert f_{2}-f_{1}\rvert$
• the Doppler effect $f^{'} = f\frac{v_{wave}+v_{observer}}{v_{wave}-v_{source}}$

Resource-Doppler and Beats-3 pages

##### Ray Model of light
• conduct a practical investigation to analyse the formation of images in mirrors and lenses via reflection and refraction using the ray model of light (ACSPH075)
• conduct investigations to examine qualitatively and quantitatively the refraction and total internal reflection of light (ACSPH075, ACSPH076)

• predict quantitatively, using Snell’s Law, the refraction and total internal reflection of light in a variety of situations
• conduct a practical investigation to demonstrate and explain the phenomenon of the dispersion of light
• conduct an investigation to demonstrate the relationship between inverse square law, the intensity of light and the transfer of energy (ACSPH077)
• solve problems or make quantitative predictions in a variety of situations by applying the following relationships to:
• $n_{x} = \frac{c}{v_{x}}$ – for the refractive index of medium $x, v_{x}$ is the speed of light in the medium
• $n_{1}sin(\theta) = n_{2}sin(\theta)$ (Snell’s Law)
• $sin(\theta_{c}) = \frac{n_{2}}{n_{1}}$ – for the critical angle $i_{c}$ of medium $x$
• $I_{1}r^{2}_{1} = I_{2}r^{2}_{2}$ – to compare the intensity of light at two points, $r_{1}$ and $r_{2}$

Resource – Ray Model of Light – 4 pages

##### Thermodynamics
• explain the relationship between the temperature of an object and the kinetic energy of the particles within it (ACSPH018)

Resource – Temperature – 1 page

• explain the concept of thermal equilibrium (ACSPH022)

Resource – Thermal Equilibrium – 1 page

• analyse the relationship between the change in temperature of an object and its specific heat capacity through the equation $\Delta Q = mc\Delta T$

Resource – Specific Heat – 2 pages

• investigate energy transfer by the process of:
• conduction
• convection

Investigation – Thermal Conductivity – 3 pages

• conduct an investigation to analyse qualitatively and quantitatively the latent heat involved in a change of state

Investigation – Latent Heat – 3 pages

Resource – Latent Heat – 2 pages

• model and predict quantitatively energy transfer from hot objects by the process of thermal conductivity

Resource-Energy Transfer-3 pages

• apply the following relationships to solve problems and make quantitative predictions in a variety or situations:
• $Q = mc\Delta T$, where $c$ is the specific heat capacity of a substance
• $\frac{Q}{t} = \frac{kA\Delta T}{d}$,
where $k$ is the thermal conductivity of a material